IInombolo kaReynolds (Re)yenye yezona parameter zibalulekileyo ezingenamilinganiselo kwi-fluid mechanics. Inceda ukuchaza ulwalamano phakathiamandla angenamandla kunye namandla aqinileyokulwelo oluhambayo kwaye lusetyenziswa rhoqo ukumisela ukubai-laminar, i-transitional, okanye i-turbulent.

Kwimilinganiselo yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic, inani likaReynolds libalulekile kuba inkqubo yokuhamba kwe-ultrasound ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqoiprofayili yesantya ngaphakathi kombhobhoEkubeni imitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic ilinganisa isantya solwelo kwindlela ye-acoustic kwaye isebenzisa olo lwazi ukumisela isantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo, utshintsho kwiprofayili yesantya lunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa.

1. Ithini inombolo kaReynolds?

Ngokuphathelele ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kombhobho, inombolo kaReynolds ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:

Re = ρVD / μ

okanye:

Re = VD / ν

apho:

• Re= Inombolo kaReynolds
• ρ= ubuninzi bolwelo
• V= isantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo
• D= ipayipi ngaphakathi ububanzi
• μ= i-viscosity enamandla
• ν= ukuqina kwe-kinematic

Inani likaReynolds alinakulinganiswa.

Ngokubanzi, ukuhamba kombhobho ojikelezayo:

• Re < malunga nama-2,300→ Ukuhamba kweLaminar
• Re ≈ 2,300–4,000→ Ukuhamba kotshintsho
• Re > malunga nama-4,000→ Ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo

Ezi xabiso zizikhokelo ngokubanzi kunokuba zibe yimida epheleleyo, kuba iimeko zokwenyani zokuhamba kwamanzi zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwijiyometri yombhobho kunye nokuphazamiseka.

2. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweLaminar kunye neTurbulent Flow?

Umahluko ophambili yindlela isantya esisasazwa ngayo kumbhobho.

Ukuhamba kweLaminar

Kwi-laminar flow, ulwelo luhamba ngokwee-layer ezicwangcisiweyo.

Iprofayili yesantya idla ngokubonakala ngakumbi, xa kusithiwa:

• Isantya esiphantsi kufutshane nodonga lombhobho
• Isantya esiphezulu esiya embindini
• Iprofayili yesantya esiqikelelweyo esinomfanekiso

Indlela elula yokuchaza le nto yile:

Udonga → Isantya Esiphantsi → Isantya Esiphezulu → Isantya Esiphantsi → Udonga

Ukuhamba Okuguquguqukayo

Kwindlela eguquguqukayo yokuhamba kwamanzi, intshukumo yolwelo ayiqhelekanga kangako.

Ukuguquguquka okuncinci kunye nokuxubana kubangela ukuba iprofayili yesantya ibe tyaba xa ithelekiswa nokuhamba kwe-laminar.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusasazwa kwesantya kumbhobho kutshintsha kakhulu ngenombolo kaReynolds.

3. Kutheni Oku Kubalulekile kwi-Ultrasonic Flow Meter?

Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi esibizwa ngokuba yi-ultrasonic flow meter asilinganisi ngokuthe ngqo umthamo opheleleyo wolwelo oludlula kumbhobho.

Endaweni yoko, ilinganisaisantya solweloaze emva koko abale izinga lokuhamba komthamo.

Ngendlela elula:

Q = V × A

apho:

• Q= izinga lokuhamba komthamo
• V= isantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo
• A= indawo enqamlezileyo yepayipi

Umngeni kukuba isantya esilinganiswe kwindlela ye-ultrasonic acoustic sisenokungalingani ngqo nesantya esiqhelekileyo kuyo yonke ipayipi.

Ngoko ke, isixhobo kufuneka sichaze ulwalamano phakathi kwesantya se-acoustic esilinganisiweyo kunye nesantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo.

Olu lwalamano luchatshazelwa kakhulu yiprofayili yesantya.

4. Inombolo kaReynolds iyitshintsha njani iProfayili yeVelocity?

Cinga ngeemeko ezimbini.

Inani eliphantsi likaReynolds

Xa i-Re iphantsi, ukuhamba kwayo kungaba yi-laminar.

Iprofayili yesantya igobile kakhulu:

Isantya esiphakathi > Isantya esiphakathi > Isantya esikufutshane nodonga

Ukuba indlela ye-ultrasonic acoustic idlula kummandla othile wombhobho, isantya esilinganisiweyo sinokwahluka kakhulu kwisantya esiphakathi esinqamlezileyo.

Inani eliphezulu likaReynolds

Kwi-Re ephezulu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyaphazamiseka.

Ukuxuba kudla ngokuvelisa iprofayili yesantya esithe tyaba, nangona isantya sisancipha ukuya eludongeni lombhobho.

Isantya sendlela ye-acoustic ke ngoko sinokuba nolwalamano olwahlukileyo nesantya sepayipi esiqhelekileyo.

Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba i-ultrasonic flow meter ingenakukwazi ukucinga ukuba ixabiso elinye lesantya elilinganisiweyo lihlala lihambelana nesantya esifanayo sokuhamba.

5. Iimitha ze-Ultrasonic Flow Meters zeReynolds Number kunye neTransit-Time

Kwimitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic yexesha lokuhamba, isixhobo silinganisa umahluko phakathi kwamaxesha okuhamba kwe-ultrasonic asezantsi naphezulu.

Ulwalamano olusisiseko lunokwenziwa lula ngolu hlobo:

Isantya Sokuhamba ∝ Umahluko Wexesha Lokuhamba

Isantya esilinganisiweyo sinxulunyaniswa nenxalenye yesantya kwindlela ye-ultrasonic acoustic.

Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuhamba kwevolumu lixhomekeke kwiisantya esiphakathi kulo lonke icandelo elinqumlayo lombhobho.

Ngoko ke, isixhobo kufuneka sinxulumanise isantya se-acoustic esilinganisiweyo nesantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo.

Olu lwalamano lunokuchatshazelwa yile:

• Inombolo kaReynolds
• Indawo yendlela ye-acoustic
• Inani leendlela ze-acoustic
• Iprofayili yokuhamba
• Ububanzi bepayipi
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamanzi

6. Kutheni Isiphumo Sibaluleke Ngakumbi Kwizinga Eliphantsi Lokuhamba Kweemveliso?

Ukususela:

Re = ρVD / μ

xa isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi sincipha, inani likaReynolds nalo liyancipha.

Umzekelo, inkqubo esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi isenokuba iphuhlise ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamanzi okune-turbulent, ngelixa inkqubo efanayo esebenza ngesantya esiphantsi kakhulu sokuhamba kwamanzi inokusondela kwi-transitional okanye kwi-laminar regime.

Ngenxa yoko, iprofayili yesantya ingatshintsha kakhulu njengoko isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi sitshintsha.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi:

Isantya sendlela ye-acoustic

kwaye

Isantya esiphakathi sombhobho

inokutshintsha.

Kwezinye iimitha zokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic, oku kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo xa kulinganiswa amazinga okuhamba aphantsi kakhulu okanye ulwelo oluxineneyo kakhulu.

7. Kutheni i-Fluid Viscosity ibalulekile?

Inombolo kaReynolds inxulumene ngokuphambeneyo ne-viscosity:

Re = ρVD / μ

Ukuba i-viscosity iyanda, inani likaReynolds liyancipha ngobubanzi bombhobho, uxinano, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esifanayo.

Umzekelo, cinga ngezinto ezimbini ezimanzi ezihamba ngesantya esifanayo kumbhobho ofanayo:

Amanzi → Ubunzima obuphantsi → Ubunzima obuphezulu

Ioyile enzima → I-viscosity ephezulu → I-Lower Re

Ioyile enzima inokuba neprofayili yesantya esibonakalayo ngenxa yokuba inamandla kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, imitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic efanayo inokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa ilinganisa ulwelo olwahlukileyo, nokuba ububanzi bombhobho kunye nesantya sokuhamba ziyafana.

8. Kutheni Ubude Bepayipi Ethe Tye Bunxulumene Nenombolo KaReynolds?

Inombolo kaReynolds ikwanceda ekucaciseni ukuba kutheni ubude obuthe tye obaneleyo bubalulekile.

Emva kwengqiniba, ivalvu, i-reducer, okanye enye into yokufaka, iprofayili yokuhamba kwamanzi inokuphazamiseka.

Ukuhamba kwamanzi kufuna umgama owaneleyo ukuze kuphuhliswe iprofayili ezinzileyo ngakumbi.

Inkqubo yophuhliso ixhomekeke kwizinto ezinje:

• Inombolo kaReynolds
• Ububanzi bepayipi
• Uburhabaxa bepayipi
• Uhlobo lokuphazamiseka
• Isantya sokuhamba

Ukuba imitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic ifakwe kufutshane kakhulu nokuphazamiseka okungaphezulu komsinga, isantya se-acoustic esilinganisiweyo sinokuchaphazeleka kakhulu yiprofayili yesantya esingalinganiyo okanye esijikelezayo.

Oku kungazisa iimpazamo zokulinganisa.

Yiyo loo nto isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo sokufakela imitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic sinokucebisa:

Umbhobho othe tye onyukayo ≥ 10D

Umbhobho othe tye osezantsi ≥ 5D

aphoU-D yipayiphu engaphakathi ububanzi.

9. Ngaba inani eliphezulu likaReynolds lisoloko lithetha ukuchaneka okungcono?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko.

Inani eliphezulu likaReynolds lidla ngokubonisa ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo, kodwa ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto ezininzi.

Ezi ziquka:

• Iprofayili yokuhamba
• Ukufakelwa kwetransducer
• Imeko yombhobho
• Ubude bombhobho othe tye
• Umgangatho wesignali
• Uqwalaselo lwendlela ye-acoustic
• Iimpawu zolwelo
• Ukulinganiswa kwemitha

Ngoko ke, inani likaReynolds kufuneka lithathwe njengelibalulekileyo.ipharamitha yemeko yokuhamba, endaweni yokuba ibe sisalathisi esithe ngqo sokuchaneka kwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi.

10. Kutheni ii-Multi-Path Ultrasonic Flow Meters zingabi namvakalelo kangako kwi-Flow Profile?

Le yenye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwe-ultrasound ngeendlela ezininzi.

Indlela enye ye-acoustic isampula isantya kwindawo ethile yombhobho.

Imitha yokuhamba kweendlela ezininzi isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ze-acoustic kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokwengcamango:

Indlela Eyodwa

→ Ilinganisa isantya kwindlela enye ye-acoustic

Iindlela ezininzi

→ Iisampulu kwiindawo ezininzi zombhobho

Esi sixhobo singasebenzisa ezi zilinganiso ukuze sifumane umfanekiso ongcono wokusasazwa kwesantya siphela.

Ke ngoko, iimitha zokuhamba ze-ultrasonic ezineendlela ezininzi zihlala zikhethwa xa kusenziwa izicelo apho:

• Iprofayili yokuhamba kwamanzi iyinkimbinkimbi
• Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuyadingeka
• Ububanzi bombhobho bukhulu
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamanzi kunzima ukukuphepha

Inombolo kaReynolds ichaphazela ukulinganiswa kokuhamba kwe-ultrasound kuba ichaphazelaindlela yokuhamba kunye neprofayili yesantya ngaphakathi kombhobho.

Ulwalamano olusisiseko lulandelayo:

Re = ρVD / μ

Njengoko inani likaReynolds litshintsha, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunokutshintsha phakathi kweendlela ezi-laminar, eziguqukayo, neziguquguqukayo. Oku kutshintsha ukusasazwa kwesantya kumbhobho kwaye ke ngoko kuchaphazela ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya esilinganiswe kwindlela ye-ultrasonic acoustic kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esiqhelekileyo.

Ukuze kulinganiswe ukuhamba kwe-ultrasonic ngendlela esebenzayo, inani likaReynolds kufuneka liqwalaselwe kunye:

Isantya sokuhamba + Ulwelo oluthambileyo + Ububanzi bombhobho + Iprofayili yokuhamba + Ubude bombhobho othe tye + Uqwalaselo lwendlela ye-Acoustic

Ukuqonda inombolo kaReynolds kunceda iinjineli ukuba zihlole ngconoiimeko zokuhamba kwamanzi, ukufakwa kwesensa, ukungaqiniseki komlinganiselo, kunye nokufaneleka kwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi ye-ultrasonic kwisicelo esithile.