Yeimitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic yexesha lokuhamba ebambekayo, amandla esignali yenye yezona parameters ziluncedo kakhulu zokuxilonga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungaqondani okuqhelekileyo:

Amandla aphezulu esignali akuthethi ukuba umlinganiselo uchanekile, kwaye amandla aphantsi esignali akuthethi ukuba imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi inesiphene.

Amandla esignali asixelela kakhulu indlela isignali ye-ultrasonic ehamba ngayo kakuhle kwipayipi nakwilwelo kunye nendlela eyamkelwa kakuhle ngayo yi-transducer eyahlukileyo.

1. Yintoni Amandla Omqondiso?

Ngamagama alula,amandla esignali abonisa amandla esignali ye-ultrasonic efunyenwe yimitha yokuhamba.

Kwimitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic ebanjiweyo, indlela ye-acoustic imalunga:

I-Transducer → Udonga lweMibhobho → I-Lining → Ulwelo → I-Lining → Udonga lweMibhobho → I-Transducer

I-transmitter ivelisa isignali ye-ultrasonic, ehamba ngodonga lombhobho kunye nolwelo ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwi-transducer efumanayo.

Ukuba amandla e-acoustic adluliselwa ngokulahleka okuncinci, isignali efunyenweyo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi. Ukuba isignali ifumana ukuthotywa okukhulu, ukubonakaliswa, okanye ukusasazeka, isignali efunyenweyo iya kuba buthathaka.

2. Ziziphi Izinto Ezichaphazela Amandla Esignali?

Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela kakhulu isignali ye-ultrasound efunyenweyo.

2.1 Izinto zoMbhobho

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zepayipi zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-acoustic.

Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya:

• Intsimbi yekhabhoni
• Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
• Jula i-ayini
• I-PVC
• I-HDPE
• Umbhobho ogqunywe ngesamente

Amandla e-ultrasonic aziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa edlula kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi efanayo ingabonisa amandla emiqondiso ahlukeneyo xa ifakelwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepayipi.

2.2 Ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi

Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho bubaluleke kakhulu ekulinganisweni kokuhamba kwe-ultrasound kwi-clamp-on.

Ngokubanzi, xa udonga lombhobho lutyebile, kokukhona ubungakanani bezinto ezifunekayo ukuze isignali ye-ultrasonic idlule kuzo bukhulu, nto leyo enokunyusa ukuthomalaliswa kwe-acoustic.

Oku kunokuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

Iipayipi ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi obukhulu, eziludonga oluqinileyo

Ngoko ke, ubungakanani bombhobho bodwa alwanelanga ekukhetheni imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi e-ultrasonic.

Umzekelo, endaweni yokubonelela kuphela:

Ubungakanani bombhobho: DN500

Kuluncedo kakhulu ukubonelela:

Izinto zombhobho + Ububanzi bangaphandle + Ubukhulu bodonga + Izinto zokwambathisa

2.3 Uphahla lwemibhobho

Ukufakwa kwepayipi kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumandla esignali.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokubopha ilayini ziquka:

• I-PTFE
• Irabha
• Isamente
• I-Epoxy
• Iplastiki

Isignali ye-ultrasonic ingadinga ukudlula:

I-Transducer → Udonga lweMibhobho → I-Lining → Ulwelo

Ukuba iimpawu ze-acoustic ze-lining zahlukile kakhulu kwezo zepayipi kunye nolwelo, ilahleko ezongezelelweyo ze-acoustic zinokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, ukwazi ukuba umbhobho "yintsimbi" akwanelanga rhoqo. Uhlobo kunye nobukhulu bomphetho wangaphakathi kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.

3. Kutheni iiBhabhu zoMoya zinciphisa amandla esignali?

Amaqamza omoya yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela iimpawu ze-ultrasound ezibuthathaka okanye ezingazinzanga.

Ngenxa yokuba igesi kunye nolwelo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-acoustic, amaqamza anokusasaza aze abonakalise amaza e-ultrasound.

Ngaphandle kwamaqamza omoya abalulekileyo:

Isignali ye-Ultrasonic → Ulwelo → I-transducer yokufumana

Ngamaqamza omoya:

Isignali ye-Ultrasonic → Amaqamza → Ukusasazeka/Ukubonakalisa → Ukulahleka kwamandla → Isignali efunyenweyo ebuthathaka

Ngenxa yoko, amaqamza omoya amaninzi anokubangela:

• Amandla esignali anciphileyo
• Ukufundwa kokuhamba kwamanzi okungazinzanga
• Ukulahleka kwesiginali okukhawulezileyo
• Uzinzo olubi lokulinganisa

Ngoko ke, xa amandla esignali ehla ngequbuliso, injineli ayifanele ijonge kuphela ii-transducers kodwa ikwaphande nokuba umoya ukhona na kumbhobho.

4. Ukudibanisa iTransducer nako kubalulekile

Kwimitha yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic ebambekayo, i-transducer ayiqhagamshelani ngqo nolwelo. Isignali ye-ultrasonic kufuneka idlule eludongeni lombhobho.

Indlela yokudibanisa ingenziwa lula ngolu hlobo:

I-Transducer → I-Coupling Compound → Udonga lwePipe

Ukudibanisa okungekho semgangathweni kunokunciphisa kakhulu amandla esignali.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ikhompawundi yokudibanisa enganelanga
• Ukudibanisa okungalinganiyo
• Umhlwa okanye ukugqwala kumphezulu wepayipi
• Ipeyinti etyebileyo okanye ipeyinti
• Umphezulu wombhobho orhabaxa
• Ii-transducers ezikhululekileyo
• Iitransducer ezitshintshileyo kwindawo yazo yokuqala

Ukulungiswa komphezulu ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye noqhagamshelwano oluhle loomatshini phakathi kwe-transducer kunye nombhobho ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuze kudluliselwe i-ultrasound ngendlela ethembekileyo.

5. Ngaba Amandla Okubonisa Amandla Aphezulu Athetha Ukuchaneka Okuphezulu?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko.

Le yenye yezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqonde.

Amandla esignali asixelela ikakhulu:

"Ngaba imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi ingafumana isignali enamandla ngokwaneleyo ye-ultrasound?"

Kwelinye icala, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kubuza oku:

"Isantya sokuhamba esilinganisiweyo sisondele kangakanani kwisantya sokuhamba komoya sokwenyani?"

Ezi zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo:

Ityala A

Amandla esignali: Phezulu

Kodwa ii-transducers zifakelwe kwindawo embi kwaye iprofayili yokuhamba kwamanzi iphazamisekile kakhulu.

→ Isignali isenokuba namandla, kodwa umlinganiselo usenokuba nempazamo.

Ityala B

Amandla esignali: Phakathi

Kodwa ii-transducers zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, iimeko zombhobho zifanelekile, kwaye isignali izinzile.

→ Imitha yokuhamba kwamanzi isenokufumana ukusebenza okuhle kokulinganisa.

Ke ngoko:

Amandla eSignali aphezulu ≠ Ukuchaneka okuphezulu

6. Ixabiso Eliphantsi Kangakanani Eliphantsi Kakhulu?

Akukho xabiso lamandla esignali jikelele elinokusetyenziswa kwimitha nganye yokuhamba kwe-ultrasonic.

Abavelisi abahlukeneyo banokuchaza kwaye babonise amandla esignali ngokwahlukileyo, umzekelo:

• Amandla esignali %
• Amandla esignali kwi-dB
• Umgangatho weSignali
• I-SNR
• Inqanaba leSignali eliFunyenweyo

Ezi parameters zinxulumene, kodwa ziyafanaayifani ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwabavelisi okanye iimodeli ezahlukeneyo.

Kwimitha ethile yokuhamba kwamanzi, incwadi yemiyalelo yomenzi kunye nenkcazelo yangaphakathi yesixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengesalathiso.

7. Amandla esignali xa kuthelekiswa ne-SNR

Ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okuphucukileyo, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathiAmandla esignaliukusukaI-SNR (Umlinganiselo weSignali-kwiNgxolo).

Amandla esignaliichaza kakhulu:

Inamandla kangakanani isignali ye-ultrasound efunyenweyo.

I-SNRichaza:

Indlela esinamandla ngayo isignali eluncedo xa ithelekiswa nengxolo yangasemva.

Umzekelo, i-flow meter inokufumana isignali enamandla, kodwa ukuba ingxolo yombane okanye yoomatshini nayo iphezulu, i-SNR isenokuba imbi.

Ngoko ke, xa isixhobo sinikezela ngemida efana nale:

Amandla Esiginali + SNR + Umgangatho WeSiginali

kufanele ukuba zihlolwe kunye.

8. Amandla Esignali Angasetyenziselwa Njani Ukusombulula Iingxaki?

Indlela esebenzayo yokusombulula iingxaki kukujonga zombiniinqanaba kunye nozinzoyesignali.

Isignali ezinzileyo neyomeleleyo

Oku ngokubanzi kubonisa ukuba:

• Iitransducers zidibene kakuhle
• Indlela ye-acoustic iyamkeleka
• Isignali yokwamkela izinzile

Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kusafuneka kuhlolwe ngokwahlukeneyo.

Isignali ebuthathaka kakhulu

Jonga oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukufakelwa kwetransducer
2. Ikhompawundi yokudibanisa
3. Imeko yomphezulu wombhobho
4. Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho
5. Ingaphakathi lepayipi
6. Amaqamza omoya
7. Ingaba umbhobho ugcwele ngokupheleleyo na
8. Isithuba se-transducer
9. Ukukhetha i-transducer
10. Iiparameter zepayipi kunye nolwelo ezifakwe kwimitha yokuhamba

Amandla esignali ancipha ngequbuliso

Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ku:

• Amaqamza omoya angena kumbhobho
• Ii-transducers ezikhululekileyo
• Ukudibanisa okonakeleyo
• Utshintsho kwiimeko zokusebenza
• Utshintsho olubalulekileyo kubushushu bolwelo
• Ukungcangcazela kwepayipi

9. Amandla Esiginali Angaphezulu Kwesibonisi Sempilo Yesandi

Ekugqibeleni,amandla esignali kufuneka athathwe njengesalathisi sokuxilonga i-acoustic endaweni yesalathisi sokuchaneka ngokuthe ngqo.

Kuyanceda ukuphendula lo mbuzo:

"Ingaba isignali ye-ultrasonic ihamba ngepayipi kunye nolwelo kwaye yamkelwe ngokufanelekileyo?"

Ayiphenduli ngokwayo:

"Ingaba umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi uchanekile?"

Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo kufuneka luqwalasele izinto ezininzi:

Amandla esignali + Umgangatho we-SNR/Signali + Ufakelo lweTransducer + Imeko yePipe + Imeko yolwelo + Iprofayili yokuhamba + Ukulinganisa

Ke ngoko, kwizicelo zobunjineli ezisebenzayo,Amandla esignali aluncedo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukufakwa, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokubeka esweni imeko yesandi senkqubo yokulinganisa—hayi njengengcaciso ezimeleyo yokuchaneka kokulinganisa.