Iimitha zeNqanaba le-Ultrasonic: Imigaqo, iiNzuzo, kunye nezicelo zeShishini

Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza​

Iimitha zenqanaba le-ultrasonic zisebenza ngokomgaqo wexesha lokubhabha (i-ToF), indlela elula kodwa esebenzayo ethintela ukudibana ngqo nesixhobo esilinganisiweyo. Esi sixhobo sine-transducer (i-sensor) ekhupha amaza e-ultrasound aphindaphindayo (ngesiqhelo angama-20 kHz ukuya kuma-200 kHz, ngaphaya kokuva komntu) ukuya kumphezulu wolwelo okanye into eqinileyo (umz., iinkozo, umgubo). Xa la maza efika kumphezulu wesixhobo, abuyela kwi-transducer.​

Imitha ibala ixesha elidlulayo phakathi kokukhutshwa nokwamkelwa kwamaza. Isebenzisa isantya esaziwayo sesandi emoyeni (okanye igesi ejikelezileyo), emva koko ibala umgama oya kumphezulu wesixhobo ngefomyula: Umgama = (Isantya seSandi × Ixesha eliDlulileyo) / 2 (owahlulwe ngo-2 kuba amaza aya kumphezulu aze abuye umva). Ngokuthabatha lo mgama kubude obupheleleyo betanki okanye inqanawa, imitha imisela inqanaba elichanekileyo lesixhobo.

Iimodeli zanamhlanje zihlala ziquka iimpawu zokulinganisela ubushushu, njengoko isantya sesandi siyahluka ngokweqondo lobushushu. Olu hlengahlengiso luqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa nakwiindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu atshintshatshintshayo.

Iingenelo eziphambili zeeMeter zeNqanaba leUltrasonic​

Into eyahlula iimitha zenqanaba le-ultrasonic kwiiteknoloji zemveli ezisekelwe kuqhagamshelwano (umz., ii-float switches, ii-pressure transmitters) zizibonelelo zazo ezikhethekileyo:

1. Ukulinganisa Okungadibaniyo: Ekubeni i-transducer ingaze iyichukumise le medium, imitha iyaziphepha iingxaki ezifana nokugqwala, ukungcola, okanye ukuguguleka koomatshini—iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwizixhobo zokudibanisa xa kulinganiswa ulwelo olunamandla (umz., ii-asidi) okanye izinto ezinamathelayo (umz., udaka). Oku kukwasusa nemingcipheko yongcoliseko, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kokutya, amayeza, kunye namanzi okusela.​

2. Ukufakwa okulula kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi: Uninzi lweemitha ze-ultrasonic zifakwa phezu kweetanki okanye iinqanawa, azidingi kutshintshwa kwisikhongozeli okanye ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezishukumayo, azinazo iimfuno zokugcinwa—kuphela ukucocwa kwe-transducer ngamanye amaxesha ukuze kususwe uthuli okanye inkunkuma, ukunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neendleko zokusebenza.​

3. Uluhlu Olubanzi Lokulinganisa kunye Nokuchaneka: Ziphatha uluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba, ukusuka kwiisentimitha ezimbalwa (kwiitanki ezincinci) ukuya kwiimitha ezingaphezu kwama-30 (kwiinqanawa ezinkulu zoshishino). Ngokucubungula isignali okuphucukileyo, ukuchaneka okuqhelekileyo kususela kwi-±0.2% ukuya kwi-±1% yoluhlu olulinganisiweyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo ezininzi zoshishino.​

4. Ukuziqhelanisa neMidiya eyahlukeneyo: Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiteknoloji (umz., iimitha zeradar, ezisokola ngezinto eziqinileyo eziphantsi koxinano), iimitha ze-ultrasonic zisebenza ngezinto ezimanzi (amanzi, iioyile, iikhemikhali) kunye nezinto eziqinileyo (iinkozo, amalahle, iipellets zeplastiki). Zikwasebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinothuli, umphunga, okanye ukuxinana okuncinci, ngenxa yokucoca isignali eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.​

Izicelo zeShishini​

Iimitha zenqanaba le-Ultrasonic zisebenziseka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zisetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi:

• Amanzi kaMasipala kunye namanzi amdaka: Bajonga amanqanaba eetanki zokugcina amanzi, izikhululo zokuphakamisa amanzi amdaka, kunye nezitya zamanzi emvula, beqinisekisa ukunikezelwa rhoqo kunye nokuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Uyilo lwabo lokunganxibelelani lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ungcoliseko lwamanzi okusela kunye nokugqwala kwamanzi amdaka.

• Ukutya Neziselo: Kwiifektri ezivelisa ubisi, iziselo, okanye ukutya okucutshungulwayo, iimitha zilinganisa amanqanaba ezithako (umz., isiraphu, ioyile) kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezikwiitanki. Uyilo lwazo olucocekileyo nolungaqhagamshelwanga luhambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya (umz., i-FDA, i-EU 10/2011).​

• Iikhemikhali kunye neMithi: Ekuphatheni iikhemikhali ezibolayo (umz., ii-asidi, izinyibilikisi) okanye izisombululo zamayeza ezinobuthathaka, iimitha ze-ultrasonic zisusa umngcipheko wongcoliseko oluphakathi kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo. Zikwasebenza kwiinqanawa ezivaliweyo ukugcina iimeko ezicocekileyo.

• Ezolimo kunye nokumbiwa kwemigodi: Kwezolimo, bajonga amanqanaba ezisele zengqolowa okanye iitanki zamanzi okunkcenkceshela. Kwemigodi, balandela amanqanaba e-ore slurry, amalahle, okanye iipowders zeminerali, bexhasa ukuphathwa kwezinto ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lwezinto ezikhoyo.

Isiphelo​

Iimitha zenqanaba le-ultrasonic zidityaniswe lula, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuguquguquka, nto leyo ezenza zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa inqanaba lemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje. Uyilo lwazo olungadibaniyo lusombulula iingxaki eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bendabuko, ngelixa ukuchaneka kwazo kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko, ezi mitha ziya kuhlala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo—ukusuka kulawulo lwamanzi kamasipala ukuya kwimveliso yamayeza echanekileyo. Kumashishini afuna isisombululo sokulinganisa inqanaba esingabizi kakhulu nesinomngcipheko ophantsi, iimitha zenqanaba le-ultrasonic zibonelela ngexabiso elingenakuthelekiswa nanto.