Indima Ebalulekileyo Yee-Electromagnetic Flowmeters Ekulinganiseni Ii-Conductive Fluids

Ukuchaneka okungalinganiyo kwiindawo eziqhubayo​

Eyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kwe-EMF yintsimi yemagnethi eveliswa ngaphakathi kombhobho ongengowemagnethi. Xa ulwelo oluqhubayo luhamba kule ntsimi, lubangela i-voltage ehambelana nesantya sayo—elinganiswa zii-electrode ezifakwe eludongeni lombhobho. Olu yilo lususa isidingo sokuhamba kweendawo okanye izinto eziphazamisayo, ezinokuphazamisa ukuhamba okanye ukonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwii-conductive fluids ezine-conductivity ephantsi njenge-5 µS/cm (umda ohlangatyezwa lula luninzi lwe-industrial liquids, amanzi amdaka, kunye neziselo ezininzi), ii-EMF zibonelela ngokuchanekileyo okugqwesileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo.​

Cinga ngeendawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka zikamasipala: amanzi amdaka aluhlaza, atyebileyo kwizinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo, aqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. Iimitha zemveli zoomatshini ziyasokola apha ngenxa yokuvaleka okanye ukuguguleka kwamasuntswana arhabaxa, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezifikelela kwi-5–10%. Ii-EMF, ngokwahlukileyo, azichaphazeleki. Uphononongo luka-2023 olwenziwe yi-Water Environment Federation lufumanise ukuba ii-EMF ezifakwe kwimigca yamanzi amdaka zigcine ukuchaneka ngaphakathi kwe-±0.3% kwixesha leenyanga ezili-12, nokuba amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi atshintshatshintshayo kunye noxinzelelo lwamasuntswana. Oku kuchaneka kuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zonyango zinokulandela ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bokungena kwamanzi, ziphucule imilinganiselo yeekhemikhali, kwaye zibike idatha yokuthobela imithetho ngokuzithemba.

Ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke ii-conductive fluids ezahlukeneyo

Ii-conductive fluids zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosities, amaqondo obushushu, kunye neekhemikhali, ukusuka kwi-viscous oil-in-water emulsions kwishishini lokutya ukuya kwizisombululo ze-corrosive acid ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali. Ii-EMF zibalaseleyo kulo lonke olu hlobo. Uyilo lwazo olungaphazamisiyo luyamelana nokugqwala xa ludibene nezinto ezihambelanayo (umz., ii-PTFE liners ze-asidi okanye ii-electrodes zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zezisombululo ze-caustic), nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwii-fluids eziza kutshabalalisa iimitha zoomatshini.​

Kwicandelo lezemigodi, i-slurry—umxube wamanzi kunye namasuntswana eeminerali anomoya ophezulu—lulwelo olunzima ukululinganisa. Nangona kunjalo, ii-EMF ziphatha i-slurry enomxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% ngaphandle kokulahleka kokusebenza. Umgodi wobhedu eChile uxele ukuba ukutshintshela kwi-EMF kunciphisa ukugcinwa okungacwangciswanga ngama-80% xa kuthelekiswa neemitha ze-paddlewheel, ezazifuna ukucocwa veki nganye ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-slurry. Ii-EMF zikwabonelela ngedatha yokuhamba kwexesha langempela, ivumela umgodi ukuba ulungise isantya sepompo kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-12% ngonyaka.​

Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokuhamba kwamanzi ezitshintshatshintshayo​

Ii-conductive fluids zihlala zibonisa amazinga okuhamba aguquguqukayo, ukusuka kwisantya esiphantsi ekunkcenkceshelweni kwezolimo ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwimibhobho yemizi-mveliso. Ii-EMF zigcina ukuchaneka kumlinganiselo obanzi wokujika-ngesiqhelo i-100:1 (umz., ukulinganisa ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-10 m/s)-kudlule kakhulu umlinganiselo we-10:1 weemitha ezininzi zoomatshini. Olu kuguquguquka lubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifana nokuveliswa kwe-pulp kunye nephepha, apho ukumiswa kwe-pulp (okuqhubayo ngenxa yomxholo wamanzi) kudibana nokuguquguquka okukhawulezayo kokuhamba ngexesha lemijikelo yemveliso.​

Umatshini wokushicilela iphepha eFinland usebenzise ii-EMF ukujonga ukuhamba kwe-pulp kwinkqubo yawo yokumhlophe. Iimitha zilandele ngokuchanekileyo amazinga okuhamba njengoko ayenyuka ukusuka kwi-2 m/s ukuya kwi-8 m/s ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhetshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-hydrogen peroxide ithathwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kulawula ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeekhemikhali nge-15% kwaye kwaphucula ukuhambelana komgangatho wephepha, njengoko kuqinisekiswe kukuguquguquka okuncitshisiweyo kokulinganisa ukukhanya.​

Iingenelo zeNdalo nezoQoqosho​

Ngaphaya kokuchaneka kunye nokuguquguquka, ii-EMF zinegalelo ekuzinzeni nasekugcineni iindleko. Ukusebenza kwazo ngendlela eyonga amandla (ezisebenzisa ii-watts ezili-10 kuphela) kwahlukile kwiimitha zoomatshini ezibangela ukuhla koxinzelelo, ezichitha amandla ngokuthintela ukuhamba kwamanzi. Kwisityalo esikhulu seekhemikhali eJamani, ukutshintsha iimitha zoomatshini ngee-EMF kwipayipi eyi-12-intshi ephethe isinyibilikisi esiqhuba umbane kunciphisa iindleko zamandla okumpompa malunga ne-€4,000 ngonyaka, ngokutsho kophando lwetyala luka-2024.​

Ukongeza, ii-EMF zinceda ekufumaneni ukuvuza kwiinethiwekhi zolwelo oluqhuba umbane. Ngokuhlala ejonga umahluko phakathi kweendawo zokungena nokuphuma kwamanzi, abaqhubi banokuchonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezibonisa ukuvuza—ezibalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Umzi-mveliso wokucoca ipetroli eTexas usebenzise ii-EMF ukufumanisa ukuvuza okuncinci kumbhobho weoli ekrwada (okuqhuba umbane ngenxa yeetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo) ngaphambi kokuba kunyuke, kuthintelwe iindleko zokucoca eziqikelelwa kwi-$500,000 kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho.​

Isiphelo​

Ii-electromagnetic flowmeters zichaze ngokutsha indlela ezilinganiswa ngayo ii-conductive fluids, zibonelela ngokuchaneka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo apho iimitha zemveli zingasebenzi khona. Ukusuka kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ukuya kwimigodi kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali, ukukwazi kwazo ukujongana nemingeni eyahlukileyo yee-conductive fluids—ukurhawuzelela, ukugqwala, kunye nokuhamba okuguquguqukayo—kwenza zibe zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje yemizi-mveliso neyedolophu. Njengoko amashishini ebeka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza, indima ye-EMFs ekuqinisekiseni ukulinganiswa kolwelo oluqhubayo ngokuchanekileyo, olungabizi kakhulu, kunye nokuthobela imithetho iya kukhula ibe yinto ebalulekileyo.​