Intshayelelo
Ukuhamba kwetshaneli evulekileyoUkulinganisa kubalulekile kumacandelo afana nolawulo lwamanzi kamasipala, ezolimo, kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Ukukhetha imitha yokuhamba ethembekileyo kuchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wedatha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iimitha zokuhamba zetshaneli evulekileyo eziqhelekileyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezikhethekileyo ezizahlula kwezinye izisombululo zokulinganisa ukuhamba, kwaye eli nqaku lichaza iingenelo zazo eziphambili.Izixhobo zeLanry ziphuhlise iintlobo ezimbini zezixhoboiimitha zokuhamba kwetshaneli evulekileyo.Ziyi-UOC kunye ne-UOL.
1. Ukusebenza koBugcisa obuPhezulu: Ukuchaneka kunye nozinzo
I-Flumeimitha yokuhamba komjelo ovulekileyoYenziwe ngemigaqo ye-hydraulic eqinisekisiweyo kunye neefomyula eziqinisekisiweyo kwangaphambili, inciphisa ukwakheka kwe-sediment ukuze kube nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imitha yokuhamba kwetshaneli evulekileyo engaphantsi komhlaba inengxaki yee-sensors ezivalekileyo ze-sediment, iimodeli ze-doppler ziyasokola ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwamasuntswana, kwaye iimitha zesantya sendawo zinobuthathaka kuxinzelelo lwamanzi. Iimitha eziqhelekileyo nazo zifuna uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kunezinye iindlela ezingangeneleliyo. Le mveliso isebenza kwiitshaneli ezahlukeneyo ze-weir, ezifana ne-Parshall flume, i-Rectangular weir kunye ne-Triangle weir.
2. Ukuziqhelanisa Okuqinileyo Neemeko Ezahlukeneyo
Zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, iimitha ezisemgangathweni zisebenza kakuhle ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo. Ezinye iindlela zimbi kakhulu: ii-sensors ezingaphantsi komhlaba zingcolile kwimijelo yamanzi amdaka, ii-doppler transducers ziyavaleka emanzini emvula. Iimitha ezisemgangathweni zikwafaka imijelo yazo zonke iisayizi—ukusuka kwimisele yokunkcenkceshela ukuya kwii-culverts zamanzi emvula—ngaphandle kokwakhiwa ngokutsha okukhulu, ngokungafaniyo nesantya sendawo (sifuna ukulungelelaniswa okuchanekileyo) okanye ezinye iimitha ezingaphazamisiyo.
3. Ukonga iindleko: Iindleko eziphantsi zoLondolozo kunye noFakelo
Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezishukumayo, iimitha ezisemgangathweni zisebenza iminyaka eli-1-2 ngaphandle kokugcinwa. Ezinye iindlela zibiza ngaphezulu: i-submersible ifuna ukucocwa rhoqo, ukulinganiswa kwe-doppler nyanga zonke, kunye nokuhlolwa okungenakuphazamisana rhoqo—okonyusa iindleko zokugcinwa ngama-30-50%. Ukufakelwa nako kuyabiza kakhulu: umsebenzi olula wokwakha (umz. ukufakelwa kwelayini yokunkcenkceshela ezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwesamente yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka) kunciphisa ixesha/iindleko ngama-50%, xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sendawo okanye iimitha zamanzi emvula ezingaqhelekanga. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela yokufaka imitha, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukujonga imifanekiso edweliswe ngezantsi.
Isiphelo
Kule mihla, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaphuhlisa iimitha zokuhamba kwamanzi ezivulekileyo, ingakumbi ii-flumes—ziphumelela kakhulu kunesantya sendawo, ii-doppler, iintlobo ezingangeneleliyo, nezingaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye neendlela ezithile zokusetyenziswa ezifana nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuhambisa amanzi amdaka, ngokuchanekileyo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Zilungele amacandelo ezolimo, oomasipala, kunye namanzi emvula afuna umlinganiselo othembekileyo nowoqoqosho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-12-2025