Kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, apho ubuchwepheshe obunzima obufana nee-electromagnetic okanye ii-ultrasonic flowmeters zilawula ukusetyenziswa okukhulu, ii-rotameters (okanye ii-float flowmeters) zenza indawo ebalulekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zincinci, ezingabizi kakhulu zigqwesile ekulinganiseni amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi amancinci ukuya kwaphakathi, zibonelela ngokulula okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukusebenziseka lula, kunye nokuthembeka—okwenza zibe yinto ephambili kwiilebhu, kwizakhiwo zokuvelisa, nakwiinkqubo zokubeka esweni okusingqongileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifuna ukulinganiswa okuntsonkothileyo okanye imithombo yamandla, ii-rotameters zisebenza ngomgaqo othe ngqo wendalo, zibonelela ngokusebenza okulinganayo kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci.
Eyona nto iphambili kuyilo lwe-rotameter yinkqubo yendawo eguquguqukayo, indlela elula kodwa esebenzayo edibanisa ukuhamba kolwelo kwindawo yeflothi eshukumayo. Esi sixhobo sineenxalenye ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: ityhubhu ebekwe ngokuthe nkqo, enciphileyo (eyanda kancinci ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu) kunye neflothi (okanye i-rotor) engena kakuhle ngaphakathi kwityhubhu. Xa ulwelo (ulwelo okanye igesi) lungena kwityhubhu ukusuka ezantsi, luhamba luye phezulu lujikeleze iflothi, nto leyo edala umahluko woxinzelelo ophakamisa iflothi. Njengoko iflothi inyuka, indawo ephakathi kweflothi nodonga lwangaphakathi lwetyhubhu iyanda—ukunciphisa isantya solwelo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu olusebenza kwiflothi. Iflothi ekugqibeleni izinza kubude obuhambelana nesantya sokuhamba: amazinga aphezulu okuhamba aphakamisa iflothi phezulu, ngelixa amazinga aphantsi okuhamba evumela ukuba ihlale phantsi. Isikali esilinganisiweyo ngaphandle kwetyhubhu sivumela abaqhubi ukuba bafunde ngokuthe ngqo izinga lokuhamba ngokusekelwe kwindawo yeflothi.
Enye yezona nzuzo zibalaseleyo zee-rotameters kukuba lula kwazo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokungafaniyo nee-electromagnetic flowmeters ezifuna amandla kunye nee-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo, okanye ii-mass flowmeters ezineenkqubo ze-sensor ezintsonkothileyo, ii-rotameters azinazo ezinye izinto ezihambayo ngaphandle kwe-float. Olu yilo oluncinci luguqulela ekuthobeni iindleko zokuvelisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olufikelelekayo kwizicelo ezixabisa imali eninzi—ezifana novavanyo lwelabhoratri, i-chemical dosage encinci, okanye unyango lwamanzi oluphantsi. Ukongeza, ukungabikho kwazo kwii-elektroniki kuthetha ukuba zinokusebenza kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezinqongopheleyo, inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokujonga intsimi efana nokuvavanya okusingqongileyo okanye iinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi emaphandleni.
IiRotameters zikwakhanya ngokulula kokufakwa nokusetyenziswa. Azidingi kusetyenziswa imibhobho ethe tye (imfuneko eqhelekileyo yeeturbine okanye ii-ultrasonic flowmeters) kwaye zinokufakwa ngokuthe nkqo ngokuseta okuncinci—zilungele iindawo ezixineneyo okanye iinkqubo ezikhoyo apho ukulungiswa kwakhona kunzima khona. Ukufundwa okubonakalayo ngokuthe ngqo kususa isidingo seedisplays zedijithali okanye ii-data loggers, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge amazinga okuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Kwizicelo ezifuna ukujongwa ngokusisigxina, iiRotameters ezininzi zinokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo ezikhethiweyo ezifana nee-magnetic sensors okanye ii-optical detectors ukuguqula indawo yefloat ibe yisignali yombane (umz., 4-20mA) yokudibanisa neenkqubo zolawulo—ukudibanisa ubulula kunye nobuchule obusisiseko bokuzenzekela.
Elinye amandla aphambili kukuguquguquka kwazo kwiintlobo zolwelo. IiRotameters zinokulinganisa zombini ulwelo (umz., amanzi, iioyile, iikhemikhali) kunye neegesi (umz., umoya, initrogen, igesi yendalo), kunye noyilo olulungiselelwe iimpawu ezithile zemidiya. Umzekelo, iiRotameters zeglasi-tube zisetyenziselwa ulwelo olucacileyo, olungaboliyo olufana namanzi okanye umoya, nto leyo enika ukukhanya ukuze kube lula ukubonakala kokudada. IiRotameters zeMetal-tube (ezihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye ithusi) zenzelwe ulwelo oludalayo, iigesi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu—njengokulinganisa izinyibilikisi zoshishino okanye umphunga. Izinto zeFloat zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso: IiPTFE float zokuxhathisa iikhemikhali, iiFloat zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye iiFloat zeceramic zolwelo olurhabaxa—ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ii-rotameters zingqina ixabiso lazo kumashishini onke. Kwiilabhoratri, zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kweegesi ezithwalayo kwi-gas chromatography okanye ukulawula ukongezwa kwee-reagents kwiimvavanyo zeekhemikhali—apho ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo, okuphantsi kokuhamba kubalulekile. Kwimveliso, bajonga ukuhamba kweeoyile zokuthambisa kumatshini okanye ulwelo olupholileyo kwiinkqubo zezixhobo, bethintela umonakalo wezixhobo ngenxa yokuthambisa ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu. Kubunjineli bendalo, balinganisa ukuhamba kweekhemikhali kwizityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka (umz., ii-coagulants okanye ii-disinfectants) okanye ukuhamba komoya kwiinkqubo zokujonga ukukhutshwa komoya—ukuxhasa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.
Nangona ii-rotameters zinemida—azichanekanga kangako kwizinga eliphezulu lokuhamba kwamanzi (ngesiqhelo zingaphezulu kwe-100 m³/h kwizinto ezimanzi) kwaye zinovelwano kutshintsho kubuninzi bolwelo okanye i-viscosity—amandla azo adlula kakhulu la maphutha kwizicelo zazo ezijolise kuwo. Kwizinga lokuhamba kwamanzi elincinci ukuya kweliphakathi, apho ukulula, iindleko, kunye nokuthembeka kubekwa phambili, ii-rotameters azinakuthelekiswa. Uphuhliso lwanamhlanje, olufana nee-smart rotameters ezinezikali zedijithali kunye noqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo, luye lwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwazo, luvumela ukujonga kude ngelixa lugcina izibonelelo zazo eziphambili.
Ukuqukumbela, ii-rotameter zibubungqina bamandla obunjineli obulula. Zibonelela ngokulinganisa ukuhamba okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo ngaphandle kobunzima okanye iindleko zobuchwepheshe obuphambili, nto leyo ezenza zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiilebhu, kwiifektri, nakwiimisebenzi yasentsimini kwihlabathi liphela. Nokuba zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ngokubonakalayo okanye zifakwe kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ii-rotameter ziyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo olusebenzayo, olukhuselekileyo, noluhambelanayo nolwelo kumashishini onke.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-03-2025