Kwicandelo lokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, iimitha zamanzi zoomatshini kunye neemitha zamanzi ze-electromagnetic zibonakala njengezisombululo ezibini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngasinye sineempawu ezahlukileyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Ukuqonda umahluko wazo kubalulekile ekukhetheni isixhobo esifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kumakhaya ahlala abantu ukuya kwizakhiwo zoshishino.
Iimitha zamanzi ezisebenzisa oomatshini, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo, zisebenza ngomgaqo olula kodwa ovavanyiweyo. Zixhomekeke kwiindawo ezihambayo—ezifana nee-impellers okanye ii-turbines—eziqhutywa ngamandla e-kinetic amanzi ahambayo. Njengoko amanzi edlula kwimitha, ajikeleza i-impeller yangaphakathi, kwaye olu jikelezo ludluliselwa ngenkqubo yeegiya ukuya kwikhawuntara ebonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okupheleleyo. Olu yilo luye lwaphuculwa ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane, nto leyo ekhokelela kwitekhnoloji evuthiweyo nethembekileyo. Enye yezona nzuzo zayo zibalulekileyo kukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko; zombini iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nokufakela ziphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho luphambili lokulinganisa amanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, iimitha ezisebenzisa oomatshini azifuni mthombo wamandla wangaphandle, njengoko zisebenzisa amandla ngqo ukusuka kumsinga wamanzi. Olu phawu "oluzixhasayo" lubavumela ukuba basebenze kwiindawo ezikude okanye kwiindawo ezinemithombo yamandla engaguqukiyo.
Nangona kunjalo, iimitha zamanzi ezisebenzisa oomatshini zinemida ephawulekayo. Iindawo zazo ezihambayo zidlakadlaka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingakumbi xa zichatshazelwe ngamanzi anezinto ezingcolileyo ezifana nesanti, umhlwa, okanye isikali. Oku kuguga akunciphisi nje kuphela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kodwa kunokukhokelela ekuxinaneni, okufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa. Ngaphezu koko, zinomlinganiselo omncinci wokujika, oko kuthetha ukuba ziyasokola ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kwamanzi okuphantsi kakhulu nokuphezulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuvuza okuncinci okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuncinci kunokungabonwa, ngelixa amaxesha okuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu anokubangela iimpazamo ezinkulu zokulinganisa. Enye ingxaki kukulahlekelwa koxinzelelo: ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi loomatshini ludala ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, okunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimitha zamanzi ze-electromagnetic zimele enye indlela ephucukileyo neqhutywa bubuchwepheshe. Zisekelwe kuMthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Intsimi yemagnethi iveliswa ijikeleze ityhubhu yokulinganisa engeyiyo imagnethi yemitha nge-coil yokuvuselela. Xa amanzi aqhubayo ehamba kule ntsimi yemagnethi, anqumla imigca yamandla emagnethi, ebangela amandla e-electromotive (EMF) kwii-electrodes ezifakwe kwiindonga zetyhubhu. Ubukhulu bale EMF buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi, okuvumela imitha ukuba ibalwe kwaye ibonise amazinga okuhamba ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu.
Iimitha ze-electromagnetic zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi eziphambili kunezo zoomatshini. Azinazo iindawo ezishukumayo zangaphakathi, nto leyo esusa imiba yokuguguleka, ukuxinana, kunye nokulahlekelwa nguxinzelelo. Olu yilo lukwenza ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nokungcola emanzini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukulinganisa amanzi aluhlaza, amanzi amdaka, okanye amanzi enkqubo yemizi-mveliso. Umlinganiselo wazo wokujika ubanzi kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-100:1 okanye ngaphezulu), nto leyo evumela ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kokuvuza okuncinci kunye nokuhamba okukhulu kwencopho. Ukongeza, zidityaniswa ngokungenamthungo neenkqubo ezikrelekrele, zixhasa ukujonga idatha ngexesha langempela, ukufunda kude, kunye nokufumanisa ukuvuza—iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lwamanzi olukrelekrele kunye neendawo zokulinganisa imitha zesithili (i-DMA).
Sekunjalo, iimitha ze-electromagnetic zinemida yazo. Zinokulinganisa kuphela ulwelo oluqhuba umbane; izinto ezingahambisi umbane ezifana namanzi acociweyo okanye ioyile zenza ukuba zingasebenzi. Ixabiso lazo lokuqala liphezulu kakhulu kuneleemitha ze-mechanical, ezinokuba ngumqobo wokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala ezinkulu. Zikwafuna umbane wangaphandle oqhubekayo ukuvelisa amandla emagnethi kunye nemiqondiso yenkqubo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ezingenambane othembekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukhetho phakathi kweemitha zamanzi zoomatshini kunye neze-electromagnetic luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Iimitha zoomatshini zibalaseleyo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingabizi kakhulu, ezingadingi kulungiswa kakhulu apho ukufikelela kwamandla kunqongophele khona. Iimitha ze-electromagnetic, okwangoku, zikhetho olukhethwayo kwiinkqubo zoshishino, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, kunye neenethiwekhi zamanzi ezikrelekrele ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, uluhlu olubanzi lokuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nobuchule bokubeka esweni ngobuchule. Ngokulinganisa izinto ezifana neendleko, ukuchaneka, iimfuno zokugcinwa, kunye neempawu zolwelo, abasebenzisi banokukhetha imitha ehambelana kakuhle neenjongo zabo zokusebenza.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-30-2025