Iimitha zokuhamba kwetshaneli ezivulekileyozizixhobo zokulinganisa eziphambili zokuhamba komoya ongaphantsi koxinzelelo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamanzi amdaka zikamasipala, kwimisele yokukhupha amanzi kwimizi-mveliso, kwimisele yokunkcenkceshela yezolimo kunye nokujonga imeko-bume yomlambo. Ukuchaneka kwazo kokulinganisa kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekufakweni okuqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwesayensi. Ukufakelwa okungafanelekanga kuya kubangela ukuphambuka kokuhamba kwamanzi okuqhubekayo, ngelixa ukungabikho kokugcinwa rhoqo kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwemiqondiso, ukuguga kwezixhobo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi rhoqo. Eli nqaku licwangcisa ngokucwangcisiweyo amanqaku abalulekileyo malunga nokufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kweemitha zokuhamba kwamanzi ezivulekileyo.
Iimfuneko eziphambili zokufakela
1. Ulwakhiwo lweChannel kunye neFlume/Weir
Isiseko sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo sikwindlela ezinzileyo negudileyo yokuhamba kwamanzi. Okokuqala, abasebenzisi kufuneka bakhethe i-Parshall flume esemgangathweni ehambelanayo, i-triangular V-notch weir okanye i-rectangular weir ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi omncinci nophezulu. Ii-tarrows ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziya kwaphula ubudlelwane bezibalo phakathi komgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kwaye zizise iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezingapheliyo. Okwesibini, kufuneka iindawo ezaneleyo ze-channel straight: ubuncinane amaxesha ama-5 ububanzi be-channel kwicala elingaphezulu kunye namaxesha ama-3 kwicala elisezantsi. Ii-golds, ii-gates, amaconsi amanzi kunye namachibi e-sediment ngaphakathi kolu luhlu ziya kuvelisa i-turbulence, i-backflow kunye ne-eddies, ziphazamisa inqanaba lamanzi lokwenyani. Umzantsi we-channel kufuneka ube tyaba, ngaphandle kwee-protrusions okanye ii-depressions eziqokelela udaka.
2. Ukufakelwa kweSensor yeNqanaba
Uninziiimitha zetshaneli ezivulekileyoSebenzisa izinzwa ze-ultrasonic okanye ze-radar ezifakwe ngaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi. I-probe kufuneka ihambelane ngokuthe nkqo nombindi womphezulu wamanzi, kungabikho khula ludadayo, igwebu, izibiyeli ezixhasayo okanye iifayibha ezixhonyiweyo ezithintela indlela yokudlulisela amaza esandi. Kubalulekile ukugcina ubude: inqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi kufuneka lihlale ubuncinane i-30 cm ngaphantsi kwe-probe ukuthintela ukuntywiliselwa, ngelixa inqanaba eliphantsi lamanzi kufuneka libe ngaphakathi koluhlu lokulinganisa olusebenzayo lwe-sensor.
Iindawo zokufakelwa kufuneka ziphephe umphunga wamanzi omninzi, umsi obolayo oguquguqukayo kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-electromagnetic okuvela kwiimpompo, ii-inverters kunye neentambo ze-voltage eziphezulu. Izibiyeli zokufakelwa kwesinyithi zifuna ukufakelwa i-anti-rust, kwaye izinzwa zangaphandle kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezikhuselo zelanga kunye nemvula ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvezwa ngqo kwimozulu embi.
3. Iintambo zombane kunye nobonelelo lwamandla
Iintambo zesignali kunye neentambo zamandla kufuneka zibekwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali. Iintambo zonxibelelwano ze-RS485 kufuneka zisebenzise iintambo ezikhuselweyo, zonke iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ngeengalo ezingangeni manzi ukunqanda ukungena kwamanzi emvula. Ibhokisi yokudlulisela kunye nebhokisi yokuxhuma kufuneka ifikelele kwi-IP65 okanye ngaphezulu kwinqanaba elingangeni manzi. Umbane ozinzileyo we-DC uyimfuneko; ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage kuya kubangela ukuphuma kwedatha okungazinzanga, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba kubekho i-voltage stabilizer kwiindawo ezinamandla atshintshatshintshayo.
Imigangatho Yokugcinwa Kwemihla ngemihla
1. Ukucocwa rhoqo kweeSensors
Ukungcola, ioyile, iintsalela zedayi kunye neziqhoboshelo zefayibha kumphezulu weprobe ziya kubonakalisa imiqondiso ye-ultrasonic ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zibangele ukufundwa okungachanekanga. Abaqhubi kufuneka basule iprobe ngelaphu elithambileyo rhoqo; ii-scrapers eziqinileyo azivumelekanga ukuze zingakrweli umphezulu ovayo. Kwilaphu elimdaka kunye namanzi amdaka aneekhemikhali anongcoliseko olukhulu, izixhobo zokuzicoca ngokuzenzekelayo zinokuxhotyiswa ukunciphisa amaxesha okucoca ngesandla.
2. Ukugutyungelwa kweFlume kunye neChannel
Udaka, inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma eqokelelene ngaphakathi kwi-flume ziya kutshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo indlela amanzi ahamba ngayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kokulinganisa rhoqo. Abasebenzisi kufuneka basuse inkunkuma edadayo nedadayo inyanga nenyanga, kwaye bagcine ii-rack zenkunkuma ukuze bathintele inkunkuma enkulu ngaphambi kokuba ingene kwicandelo lokulinganisa. Emva kwemvula enkulu okanye ukukhupha amanzi kwindawo ephezulu kwimizi-mveliso, kufuneka kuhlolwe ngakumbi ukukhupha amanzi.
3. Ukuhlolwa koMbane okwenziwa ngamaxesha athile
Abasebenzi kufuneka bajonge igobolondo lokuhambisa, iindawo zokudibanisa iintambo kunye neebhokisi zokudibanisa nyanga zonke ukuze babone ukuguga, ukuqhekeka okanye ukufuma kwamanzi ngaphakathi. Ukuba idatha itsiba ngokungacwangciswanga okanye akukho signali yokuhamba iphumayo, jonga ukophuka kwentambo, iingcingo ezikhululekileyo kunye nemithombo yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Kanye ngonyaka, yenza uhlengahlengiso ngesandla ngokuthelekisa ukufundwa kwenqanaba lamanzi kwimitha kunye ne-standard staff gauge ukuze ulungelelanise iiparameter ze-zero point kunye nobubanzi.
4. Ukhuseleko lweMeko yoMsebenzi yexesha elithile nelikhethekileyo
Ebusika, izinzwa zangaphandle zifuna unyango lokulwa nokuqandisa. Umkhenkce ogquma iprobe uya kuyivala ngokupheleleyo indlela yokulinganisa, ngoko ke izinzwa zeradar zikhethwa kwiindawo ezibandayo. Kumanzi amdaka ane-asidi enamandla, i-alkali kunye ne-TDS ephezulu, hlola rhoqo ulwelo oluchasene nokugqwala kwezibiyeli kunye neeflumes ukuthintela ukuguquka kwesakhiwo okubangelwa kukugqwala.
Imisebenzi Engavumelekanga
Musa ukutshintsha ubungakanani bee-flumes okanye ii-weirs ezisemgangathweni ngokungacwangciswanga; musa ukutshintsha iiparameter zokubala ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwe-transmitter ngaphandle kwesikhokelo sobungcali. Ungaze uvumele i-sensor intywiliswe ngamanzi agqithisileyo ixesha elide, kwaye kuphephe ukusebenzisa iintambo ezonakeleyo ezingagqunywanga ukuhambisa isignali.
Isiphelo
Ufakelo oluqhelekileyo lususa uninzi lweempazamo zokulinganisa ezicwangcisiweyo, ngelixa ukugcinwa rhoqo kwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide. Ukulandela ezi nkcukacha zingasentla kunokuphucula ukusebenza kweiimitha zokuhamba kwetshaneli evulekileyo, ebonelela ngedatha yokuhamba ethembekileyo yokujonga okusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-10-2026