Iimitha zenqanaba leradar zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulinganisa inqanaba lemizi-mveliso, ngokubanzi zahlulwe ngokweemitha zenqanaba leradar ezingezizo ezoqhagamshelwano (ezibizwa ngokuba “ziimitha zenqanaba leradar”) kunye neemitha zenqanaba leradar yamaza akhokelwayo (uhlobo loqhagamshelwano). Zombini zisebenza ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokubonakalisa i-microwave, kodwa iimpawu zazo kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zahlukile kakhulu ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza isignali. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili zohlobo ngalunye:
I. Iimpawu zeeMeter zeNqanaba leRadar (ezingadibaniyo)
Iimitha ze-radar ezingadibaniyo zikhupha imiqondiso ye-microwave esuka kwi-antenna ukuya kumphezulu wesixhobo esilinganisiweyo. Imiqondiso ibonakaliswa sisixhobo kwaye ifunyenwe yi-antenna, kunye nokuphakama kwenqanaba kubalwa kusetyenziswa "umahluko wexesha" okanye itekhnoloji ye-"Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)". Iimpawu zazo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukulinganisa okungadibaniyo nokhuseleko olugqwesileyo kunye nococeko
- Akukho nxibelelwano luPhakathi: Isensa ayinanxibelelwano lwangempela nesixhobo esilinganisiweyo, nto leyo esusa umngcipheko wokugqwala, ukuguguleka, ukwakheka kwezinto, okanye ungcoliseko olubangelwa sisixhobo.
- Ukuthobela Ucoceko Okuqinileyo: Ilungele amashishini aneemfuno ezingqongqo zococeko ezifana nokutya, iziselo kunye namayeza (ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho efana ne-FDA kunye ne-3-A), ukuphepha inkxalabo malunga nokuchitheka kwezinto zesensor okanye ukungcoliswa kweendaba.
2. Ufakelo Oluguquguqukayo kunye neendleko zoLondolozo eziphantsi
- Ukufakelwa okulula: Ihlala ifakelwa ngaphezulu kwetanki, ayifuni kufakwa kwindawo yokusebenzela kwaye ayibangeli ukuphazamiseka kwizakhiwo zangaphakathi zetanki. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukufakelwa kwakhona iitanki ezikhoyo okanye iitanki zokugcina ezinkulu (akukho mfuneko yokubhola okanye yokutshintsha itanki).
- Iimfuno Eziphantsi Zokugcinwa: Ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezishukumayo kunye nokungadibani nendawo yombane kunciphisa umsebenzi wokugcinwa okubangelwa kukwakheka, ukuvaleka, okanye ukuguguleka, okwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
3. Iyahambelana neendaba ezininzi kodwa inovelwano kukuphazamiseka kwendalo
- Ukuhambelana Okubanzi Okuphakathi: Iyakwazi ukulinganisa ulwelo, amasuntswana aqinileyo (umz., iipellets zeplastiki, iinkozo), kunye ne-slurry. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwi-media ene-viscosity ephezulu (umz., ubusi, i-resin), izinto ezibola kakhulu (umz., izisombululo ze-asidi/i-alkaline), okanye i-volatile media.
- Uvakalelo kwiNdalo: Imiqondiso ye-microwave ichaphazeleka kakhulu zizinto ezikwindalo ezifana nomphunga, uthuli, igwebu, kunye nenkungu ngexesha lokusasazeka, nto leyo enokwenza buthathaka okanye iphazamise imiqondiso ebonakalisiweyo. Uyilo olunefrikhwensi ephezulu (umz., 26GHz, 80GHz), ii-antenna ezikhethekileyo (umz., ii-antenna ze-horn, ii-antenna ze-parabolic), okanye ubuchwepheshe bokucoca imiqondiso busetyenziswa ukuphucula amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka.
4. Uluhlu lokulinganisa olubanzi, ukuchaneka okuphenjelelwa yiDielectric Constant
- Uluhlu Olukhulu Lokulinganisa: Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lufikelela kwi-0.1m–100m, kunye neemodeli ezithile ezigubungela iitanki zokugcina ezinkulu kakhulu okanye iinqanawa ezivulekileyo.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwiDielectric Constant: I-dielectric constant ephezulu (εᵣ) ye-medium ibangela imiqondiso ekhanyayo enamandla (umz., amanzi ane-εᵣ≈80 ane-reflection enamandla). I-dielectric constant media ephantsi (umz., ipetroli ene-εᵣ≈2, igesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo ene-εᵣ≈1.5) ivelisa i-reflection ebuthathaka, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukuchaneka komlinganiselo (okuphuculwe yi-radar ephezulu okanye ii-antenna eziphuculweyo).
Imida
- Kunzima ukulinganisa imidiya ngee-dielectric constants eziphantsi kakhulu (εᵣ<1.5) kwaye kulula ukuphazanyiswa zii-echoes ezingezizo (umz., ukubonakaliswa okuvela kwiindonga zetanki okanye ii-agitators).
- Kwiimeko ezinzima ezinothuli olunzima, umphunga ophezulu, okanye igwebu elingqindilili, kufuneka ii-antenna ezongezelelweyo ezimelana nothuli/inkungu okanye izixhobo zokucoca; kungenjalo, ukuchaneka kunokuncipha.
II. Iimpawu zeeMeter zeRadar Level Radar ezikhokelwayo
Iimitha zenqanaba le-radar yamaza ezikhokelwayo zidlulisela imiqondiso ye-microwave kwiiprobe zesinyithi (ii-waveguides, ii-cables, okanye ii-coaxial cables). Imiqondiso ibonakala kwi-interface phakathi kwe-medium kunye nomoya, kwaye inqanaba libalwa ngokuhlalutya ezi zibonakaliso. Iimpawu zazo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
1. Umlinganiselo woQhagamshelwano olunamandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka
- Ukusasazwa kweSignali yeSikhokelo: Ii-microwave zihamba ngeprobe ekhokelwayo, ziqokelela amandla kwaye zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwizinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nomphunga, uthuli, igwebu, okanye i-turbulence. Imiqondiso yokubonakalisa ezinzileyo igcinwa nokuba ikwi-foam etyebileyo okanye ixutywe ngamandla.
- Ifanelekile Kwiimeko Ezintsonkothileyo: Isebenza ngakumbi kwimidiya ene-viscosity ephezulu (umz., ii-fermenters zebhiya, iisepha), imidiya enamasuntswana axhonyiweyo (umz., iijusi zeziqhamo, ii-slurries), okanye izinto ezihlala zisebenza ngombane ophantsi (umz., iioyile ezikhanyayo, iigesi ezinyibilikisiweyo), ukusombulula ingxaki yokuncitshiswa kwesignali kwi-radar engadibaniyo.
2. Ukuchaneka Okuphezulu Nokuzinza
- Iimpawu Ezijolisiweyo Ezijolisiweyo: Iprobe ekhokelwayo igxila amandla e-microwave kumphezulu ophakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhanyeni okuqinileyo nokuzinzileyo. Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kudla ngokufikelela kwi-±0.05%FS kunye nokuphindaphinda okugqwesileyo (±0.02%FS).
- Ayichaphazeleki yiNdawo yeTanki: Ifanelekile kwiitanki ezincinci, iinqanawa ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, okanye iitanki ezinemiqobo yangaphakathi (umz., iziqhushumbisi, iziphazamiso), njengoko iprobe isasaza imiqondiso ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuvela kwizakhiwo zetanki.
3. Ufakelo kunye noLondolozo oluLungiselelwe kwiipropati eziphakathi
- Iindlela zoFakelo: Iiprobe mazifakwe kwisixhobo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto (umz., intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L, i-PTFE coating) kunye nohlobo lweprobe (uhlobo lwentonga yolwelo olune-viscosity ephantsi, uhlobo lwentambo yolwelo olune-viscosity ephezulu okanye iitanki ezinzulu, uhlobo lwe-coaxial yolwelo olune-dielectric ephantsi) kuxhomekeke kwi-viscosity ephakathi kunye nokubola.
- Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kulungiselelwa: Ukudibana ne-media kunokubangela ukwakheka (i-media ene-viscosity ephezulu), ukugqwala (i-media ene-corrosive enamandla), okanye ukukrwela. Ukucoca rhoqo kuyafuneka ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, kwaye kuhlola umngcipheko wokwaphuka (uyilo oluchasene nokungqubana luyafuneka kwiindawo ezixutyiweyo).
4. Ukuhambelana okuPhakathi kunye nokuSingqongileyo
- Ukuhambelana okuPhakathi: Ifanelekile kwiilwelo, iislurry, kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo, ngakumbi xa inezinto ezisebenza ngombane eziphantsi (εᵣ≥1.8), i-high-viscosity (umz., i-asphalt, isiraphu), okanye i-crystallizing media elula (umz., izisombululo ze-caustic soda).
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo: Imelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (-50℃ ~ 400℃) kunye noxinzelelo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40MPa), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ezifana nezityalo zepetrochemical kunye neefama zeetanki zokugcina izinto.
Imida
- Umlinganiselo wokudibana uyayithintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko zococeko oluphezulu (umz., amayeza angenabungozi) ngenxa yeemfuno zokuqinisekiswa kokucoca rhoqo.
- Ubude beprobe buzinzile, nto leyo ethintela umlinganiselo wokulinganisa (ngokuvamile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30m), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingafaneleki kwimithambo emikhulu evulekileyo.
- I-media enoburhabaxa obuphezulu okanye eqina lula inokubangela ukwakheka kwe-probe, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka; i-media enokugqwala kakhulu ifuna izinto ezibizayo zokulwa nokugqwala.
III. Isishwankathelo sokuthelekisa iimpawu eziphambili
| Umlinganiselo wokuthelekisa | Imitha yeNqanaba leRadar (Ayiqhagamshelwanga) | Imitha yeNqanaba leRadar yamaza akhokelwayo |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokulinganisa | Ukungachukumisi (ii-microwave zisasazeka emoyeni) | Uhlobo loqhagamshelwano (ii-microwave zisasazeka ecaleni kweeprobes) |
| Amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka | Iyachaphazeleka ngumphunga, igwebu, uthuli; ilungiselelwe ngee-antennas ezisebenza rhoqo/ezikhethekileyo | Ichasa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka; ayichaphazeleki yifoam, umphunga, okanye i-turbulence |
| Ucoceko | Akukho kuthintana, ucoceko luphezulu; ifanelekile ekutyeni/kumayeza | Indlela yokunxibelelana; incinci kwiimeko zococeko oluphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yeemfuno zokucoca rhoqo |
| Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa | ±0.1%~±0.5%FS (iphenjelelwa yimeko-bume kunye ne-dielectric constant) | ±0.05%~±0.1%FS (iimpawu ezizinzileyo, ukuchaneka okuphezulu) |
| Iindleko Zokulungisa | Iphantsi (akukho kuthintana, akukho kunxitywa) | Iphakathi (ifuna ukucocwa kweprobe, ukuthintela ukugqwala/ukwakheka) |
| Imidiya efanelekileyo | Ingcolisa kakhulu, inamandla aphezulu, icocekile (ithintela ungcoliseko lokudibana) | I-dielectric constant ephantsi, i-high-foam, i-particle-containing media; iimeko ezinzima |
| Imiqathango yoFakelo | Ifuna indawo engaphezulu kwetanki; akukho mfuneko yokufaka | Ifuna ukufakwa kweprobe; inqunyelwe zizakhiwo zangaphakathi zetanki kunye nobude beprobe |
Isiphelo
Iimitha ze-radar ezingadibaniyo zibalasele ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kokudibaniyo, ucoceko oluphezulu, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwetanki elikhulu, ucoceko oluphezulu, okanye iitanki ezinkulu. I-radar yamaza ekhokelwayo, ene-anti-interference enamandla, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokuzivumelanisa ne-complex media, ikhethwa kwiimeko ezine-foam, i-dielectric constant media ephantsi, okanye iitanki ezincinci/ezingaqhelekanga. Ukukhetha okusebenzayo kufuneka kuqwalasele iipropati eziphakathi (ukuxinana, ukugqwala, i-dielectric constant), iimeko zokusingqongileyo (umphunga, uthuli, uxinzelelo), kunye neemfuno zococeko.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2025