Ukulinganisa ulwelo olubolayo, olufana nee-asidi, ii-alkali, kunye nezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali, kubeka imingeni ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zoshishino ngenxa yokuba zitshabalalisa izixhobo zezixhobo. Iimitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic (ii-EMF), ezisekelwe kumgaqo we-Faraday wokungenisa i-electromagnetic, ziye zavela njengesisombululo esithembekileyo kule meko. Ulwakhiwo lwazo lokulinganisa olungangeneleliyo, ukuhambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweendaba ezibolayo, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa kwenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko kumashishini apho kukho iindawo ezinzima zeekhemikhali. Eli nqaku lihlola iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ze-EMFs ekulinganisweni kolwelo olubolayo, usetyenziso lwazo oluqhelekileyo kumashishini aphambili, kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuze kusebenze kakuhle.
Inzuzo ephambili yeemitha zokuhamba ze-electromagnetic ekulinganisweni kolwelo olurhabaxa ikwindlela eziyilwe ngayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto. Ngokungafaniyo neemitha zokuhamba zemveli ezineenxalenye eziphazamisayo ezinokuthi zirhabaxa, ii-EMF zine-sensor ene-lining eyahlula into yokulinganisa kwi-medium erhabaxa. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-lining ziquka i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), i-PFA (perfluoroalkoxy alkane), kunye nerabha, zonke ezibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nee-asidi, ii-alkalis, kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-organic. Ukongeza, ii-electrodes ze-EMF zinokwenziwa ngee-alloys ezixhathisa ukurhabaxa ezifana ne-Hastelloy, i-titanium, okanye i-tantalum, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide nokuba kulwelo olunamandla kakhulu. Le ndlela yokulinganisa engaqhagamshelwanga ikwasusa ukulahleka koxinzelelo kunye nomngcipheko wokuvaleka, okubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni imisebenzi yemizi-mveliso eqhubekayo.
Ishishini leekhemikhali lelona candelo liphambili lesicelo se-EMFs ekulinganisweni kolwelo olubolayo. Kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, iintlobo ngeentlobo zemidiya ebolayo efana ne-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, kunye ne-sodium hydroxide zifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kwamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Umzekelo, ekuvelisweni kwezichumisi, ii-EMFs ezine-PTFE linings kunye nee-Hastelloy electrodes zilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo izinga lokuhamba kwe-sulfuric acid exineneyo, okuvumela ukudoswa ngokuchanekileyo nge-ammonia. Kwimveliso yezibulali-zinambuzane, zijonga ukuhamba kwe-corrosive organic solvents, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo ye-reaction. Amandla e-EMFs okulinganisa ulwelo olubolayo oluqhubayo ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu (ngesiqhelo i-±0.5% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo) kuzenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-chemical process automation.
Ishishini lezemigodi kunye ne-metallurgy likwaxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-EMFs ekulinganiseni ulwelo olubolayo. Kwinkqubo yokuhluza iintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous (ezifana ne-copper, i-zinc, kunye negolide), ii-agents zokuhluza ezibolayo (umz., isisombululo se-sulfuric acid, isisombululo se-cyanide) zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha iintsimbi kwi-ores. Ii-EMFs zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kwezi arhente zokuhluza, ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana okufanayo nee-ores kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza. Kwinkqubo yokuhluza isinyithi, zikwajonga ukuhamba kolwelo olupholisa isinyithi kunye ne-asidi yenkunkuma, zinceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha inkunkuma kwindalo. Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lwee-EMFs luzivumela ukuba zikwazi ukumelana neemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu oluhlala ludibana nazo kwimisebenzi yokuhluza isinyithi kunye ne-metallurgy.
Izityalo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka zezinye iimeko ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa. Amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso adla ngokuba nezinto ezibolayo ezifana nee-ion zesinyithi esinzima, ii-asidi, kunye nee-alkali, ezifuna umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuhamba kwamanzi amdaka amdaka kwiinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kunye nokucocwa, okuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezongezo zeekhemikhali (umz., ii-neutralizers) kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokukhupha. Ukumelana kwawo nokungcola kunye nokubola kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nakwiindawo ezinzima zamanzi amdaka, kunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-EMFs ekulinganisweni kolwelo olubolayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe izinto ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-lining kunye ne-electrode ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-corrosive medium. Okwesibini, qinisekisa ukuba ulwelo olulinganisiweyo lunomoya owaneleyo wokuqhuba (ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kwe-5 μS/cm), njengoko ii-EMF zingenakulinganisa ulwelo olungenamoya. Okwesithathu, faka imitha ngokuchanekileyo ukuze uphephe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwaye uqinisekise intsimi yokuhamba ezinzileyo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo, njengokujonga ukuthembeka kwe-lining kunye ne-electrodes zokucoca, kubalulekile nakwindlela ethembekileyo ixesha elide.
Ukuqukumbela, iimitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic ziye zaba lolona khetho lukhethwayo lokulinganisa ulwelo olurhabaxa ngenxa yokuziqhelanisa kwazo nezinto, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo. Usetyenziso lwazo olubanzi kumashishini onyango lweekhemikhali, ezemigodi, kunye namanzi amdaka lubonisa indima yazo ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezinto kunye noyilo lwe-sensor, ii-EMF kulindeleke ukuba zibonelele ngezisombululo ezinokuthenjwa ngakumbi kwiimeko zokulinganisa urhabaxa ezigqithisileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-09-2025